Effet de mode et scepticisme
Même si la philosophie est aujourd’hui à la mode, on continue de lui reprocher son niveau d’abstraction dénué de sens pratique, son langage ésotérique et inutile. On se range derrière Socrate : « la seule chose que je sais, c’est que je ne sais rien », aveu d’humilité réaliste sans doute mais qui manque d’ambition. Les plus cultivés invoquent Darwin : « Le métaphysicien est un aveugle qui cherche dans une pièce obscure, un chat noir qui n’y est pas. » C’est peut-être drôle, mais là non plus, pas franchement engageant.
Sauf que l’affirmation socratique signifie que la sagesse n’est pas une conserve d’objets savants que l’on distribue ou que l’on achète : la sagesse est le but d’une quête existentielle qui nous fait progresser. Et la citation de Darwin ne concerne pas la philosophie …mais les mathématiques !
Lors d’une interview sur la chaîne Bsmart par le journaliste Arnaud Ardouin, nous avons exploré en quoi la philosophie pouvait être utile aux entreprises et à ses acteurs, internes ou externes. Voici quelques idées évoquées :
La logique
L’une des premières disciplines de la philosophie est la logique. Inventée par Aristote, elle nous apprend à définir, énoncer, argumenter. Un problème bien défini est à moitié résolu disait Poincaré. Devant les difficultés professionnelles quotidiennes, la bonne attitude consiste d’abord à de ne pas se laisser dépasser par l’émotion ni par l’urgence, pour mieux poser la question « de quoi s’agit-il ? » Bien définir un problème, c’est augmenter les chances de trouver une réponse adaptée. La meilleure définition est celle que l’on partage, celle qui crée l’adhésion de tous : c’est un bon point de départ, et si l’intelligence collective se rassemble autour d’une énonciation commune du problème, elle multiplie les chances de trouver une solution acceptable par tous.
L’éthique
La philosophie n’est pas seulement spéculative mais pratique. Aristote disait qu’un moraliste sans comportement éthique ressemble à un médecin malade qui refuserait de se soigner. Or l’éthique d’entreprise consiste à reconnaître l’importance du facteur humain. Le management par exemple n’est pas une « boîte à outils » comme voudraient le faire croire les vendeurs de solutions faciles, mais une attitude interpersonnelle. Dès qu’un manager s’adresse à un collaborateur ou à son équipe, il montre une attitude respectueuse, juste, confiante …ou pas ! Nous voyons là que le management n’est pas seulement une question de compétence mais aussi – et peut-être d’abord – une question de relations interpersonnelles et donc d’éthique.
La métaphysique
La métaphysique interroge le sens de l’existence, de notre vie, de notre travail. On remarque que cette question du sens, cette raison d’être pour une entreprise et pour ses acteurs, est primordiale aujourd’hui, chez les jeunes générations plus encore que chez les anciennes. On ne veut plus travailler pour rien : certaines catégories professionnelles se révoltent contre des salaires insuffisants pour des activités qui demandent une très forte implication personnelle. On cherche à s’accomplir à travers ce que l’on fait contrairement à ces « bullshit jobs » qui ne riment à rien. On veut que son action ait une vraie valeur ajoutée sociétale, plutôt que faire des produits rentables mais nuisibles pour l’environnement ou peu éthiques. Dès que les acteurs se posent la question du sens de leur vie, de leur action, la philosophie offre des ressources inspirantes grâce à tous les penseurs qui ont déjà exploré des questions semblables aux nôtres depuis plus de vingt siècles. Ce serait dommage de ne pas les utiliser.
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