Vaincre la réalité…
Elon Musk est un bourreau de travail. Dans le livre qu’il lui a consacré, Ashlee Vance pointe du doigt son énergie personnelle capable de tordre la réalité pour qu’elle corresponde à ses décisions : « … le pire qu’on puisse faire — écrit Vance — est d’informer Musk, que ce qu’il demande est impossible. Que se passe-t-il si un salarié lui dit qu’il n’y a aucun moyen de ramener le coût d’un vérin au niveau qu’il exige ou de fabriquer une pièce dans le délai qu’il a fixé ?
- Bien, dira Elon […] tu ne t’occupes plus du projet, j’en prends la direction. Je vais faire ton boulot tout en dirigeant deux entreprises en même temps. J’y arriverai.
Et le plus dingue est qu’il y arrive vraiment. Chaque fois qu’il a viré quelqu’un et pris son poste, il a mené à bien le projet, quel qu’il soit. »
… ou accepter la réalité
Dans un récent article de la Harvard Business Review, Scott Edinger semble prendre le contrepied d’une telle débauche de performance : « Les bons leaders savent qu’on ne peut pas lutter contre la réalité ». Que veut-il dire ?
En s’appuyant sur Jung, il remarque que l’on ne peut rien faire tant que l’on n’a pas accepté la réalité : « Nous ne pouvons rien changer tant que nous ne l’avons pas accepté. » Accepter quoi ?
- les résultats, bons ou mauvais, tels qu’ils arrivent
- les circonstances qui sont indépendantes de notre volonté
- ses propres défauts et ceux des autres.
Cette triple acceptation serait indispensable avant tout changement.
Des exemples de manque de réalisme?
- l’entêtement : vouloir garder une entreprise qui n’est plus profitable, quels que soient les efforts à fournir pour la sauver
- le rêve irréaliste : vouloir garder tel ou tel salarié qui ne fait pas l’affaire et met le service en danger, quels que soient les efforts consentis pour le mettre à niveau
- relever les objectifs annuels de ses collaborateurs et les blâmer l’année suivante parce qu’ils n’ont pas réussi
- garder une même façon de manager ses équipes malgré de nouvelles donnes : COVID, (dé)confinement, télétravail…
Le leader tire la réalité vers le possible
Quels que soient ses rêves, son refus de l’échec, sa culpabilité de n’être pas à la hauteur, etc. ce ne sont pas ses émotions qui doivent guider le leader, ni le refus de ses résultats, ni sa colère contre les obstacles, mais d’abord et avant tout sa clairvoyance sur ce qui est possible. Nous n’avons pas tous l’énergie d’un Elon Musk, et ses rêves peuvent nous laisser indifférents à bon droit. Mais son intelligence des situations, sa capacité à rendre possible le nécessaire étonnent. Il est vrai que la ligne de démarcation entre persévérance et acharnement est souvent floue, car la réalité n’est pas purement factuelle. Elle comprend son lot de potentialités à peine visibles que le leader doit savoir discerner. Ce qui était impossible à première vue peut devenir possible, mais ce qui semble possible peut également se révéler impossible : ces deux options sont contenues dans le volontarisme forcené d’un Musk et dans l’acceptation un peu timorée de Scott Edinger. Humble devant l’impossible, le leader sait à quel moment il doit s’arrêter. Serviteur du possible, le leader sait surtout percevoir les potentialités à exploiter : tant qu’il les voit, il ne baissera pas les bras.
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